Exempt Individual Contributor: Advanced

First, get organized. What information already exists? What else do you need? Shine a light on the “FOG” by differentiating Facts Opinions, and Guesses. Be willing to hunt for useful information. Some information is relevant and some is noise. Sift through and find the good stuff, then supplement it with surveys, analytics, or field studies. Weigh the potential benefit of knowing something against the cost of finding it out. Learn to discern when enough information is really enough.

Many try to do too much by themselves. Even if you think you have a decent solution, ask other people for input just to make sure. Tackle sticky problems with a diverse task force: people with different experiences and perspectives. A key way to ensure others share information with you is to make it a habit to share yours with them. Tap into experts and novices. You may find that it’s the people who aren’t direct experts in the topic that offer the most innovative solutions.

There are all kinds of tools you can use by yourself or in collaboration with others. Here are two examples:

• Depict a complex problem visually: separate its components and cluster similar aspects. Use flow charts, mind maps, or sticky notes to show relationships or to see if a different order would help make sense of things.
• Devise worst case scenarios: going to extremes sometimes suggests a different solution. Take the present state of affairs and project it into the future to reveal how and where the system may break down.